New records of Lipoptena andaluciensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in the Iberian Peninsula with a pictorial key of the genus

Since its first description in southern Spain, Lipoptena andaluciensis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) has drawn increasing attention due to its uncertain origin and distribution. In this study, we report new records of L. andaluciensis from geographically distant regions, including the Castelo Branco district in Portugal and three different northern Spanish provinces (Lérida, Tarragona, and Aragón). A total of 26 specimens, identified as unwinged L. andaluciensis based on morphological traits and COI barcoding, were collected between 2022 and 2024 during several field surveys on red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Additionally, Lipoptena cervi and Hippobosca equina were also collected on hosts. These recent records, indicate that the species may have been previously overlooked or misidentified, underscores the need for enhanced taxonomic resolution and expanded surveillance. To facilitate accurate identification, we provide a pictorial key to distinguish among the six European Lipoptena species, with special emphasis on Lipoptena fortisetosa, L. cervi, and L. andaluciensis. We also highlight the importance of combining detailed morphological and molecular analyses of both recent and historical specimens to prevent misidentifications and to better understand the biogeography of this emerging species.