GC-MS-based metabolic profiling of essential oils from Citrus paradisi, Lawsonia inermis, and Ruta graveolens and assessment of their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential

The notable AChE inhibitory activity observed in grapefruit and henna essential oils is likely attributable to their high terpenoid content. These findings suggest that selected plant-derived essential oils may represent promising natural candidates for the prevention or management of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.