Nursing-based precision assessment of nutrition and muscle status without ultrasound: a prospective observational study in mechanically ventilated neurosurgical patients

In NICU patients ventilated for at least 7 days, muscle mass and diaphragm function deteriorate early and accompany rising nutritional risk. Nurse-led indicators-mNUTRIC, albumin, and total protein-provide pragmatic screening for muscle wasting and can flag patients needing intensified nutrition or rehabilitation, while ultrasound remains indispensable for high-precision decisions such as weaning evaluation. A tiered assessment strategy may enhance applicability across ICUs with diverse resources.