Retinal imaging in pre‐eclamptic pregnancy: systematic review

Findings on the changes in retinal structure and function in pregnancies complicated by PE are inconclusive. The degree of change, and whether the changes precede the clinical onset of PE or are a result of hypertension and associated cardiovascular sequalae, is uncertain. There is an unmet need for large-scale prospective studies to address this uncertainty. © 2026 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.