Typology of political responsibility in the basic systems of government: a comparative analysis

Political responsibility in the political management plan is formatted depending on the dominant system of political management: "according to goals and objectives", "according to processes and results" and "according to values". The evolution of management systems and models is accompanied by the evolution of human capital, which is necessary for a modern innovative economy, and an increase in the level of freedom and responsibility. If in the models "by goals and objectives", "by processes and results" freedom and responsibility are almost absent or have a framework character, which corresponds to the command and administrative management system and political management systems, then the model of political management "by values" is based on creativity, initiative, self-organization, conscious performance of professional political and civil based on public values, which meets the urgent needs of Russia's strategic development and the formation of high-quality human capital. The purpose of the study is to characterize modern theories of socio-political management and co-management based on the institutional and behavioral aspects of a culture of civic participation, democracy, which set a certain framework for the interpretation and realization of collective and personal freedom and responsibility. In this article, the author relied not only on sources of theoretical and methodological information, but also on current data from sociological research. In the course of the research, a structured approach was used, including dialectical, systemic, structural and functional methods and comparative analysis. From a methodological point of view, it is possible to distinguish traditional and innovative models among management models, both based on the chronological criterion and their historical evolution, and based on the nature of socio-economic processes that replace traditional socio-economic and political structures with innovative post-industrial information economies. In the latter case, not only human resources, subjects and management facilities are currently involved, but also cybernetic information systems, artificial agents based on artificial intelligence, and robotic complexes, which exacerbates the problem of moral competence and socio-political responsibility. The article examines political responsibility in the basic systems of government management: "by goals and objectives"; "management by processes and results"; "management by values". The article substantiates the following as the main formats of political responsibility: political-administrative (normative-targeted); political-managerial (normative-motivational); political-value–based - based on the main clusters of political-managerial values (values and codes of national–state and cyclical development - development values; values of political order; values political and communicative; socio-political values). The author comes to the conclusion that in modern Russian political practice, focused on the formation of a "state-civilization", the orientation towards political responsibility within the framework of the system of political governance "according to values" is beginning to prevail. The theoretical significance of the research lies in structuring the typology of political responsibility in the basic systems of public administration and assessing the transformation of the domestic model of political governance in modern Russia.