Digital media use—a magnifying glass for mental health in adolescents: a qualitative systematic review

Adolescents are growing up in a digital age, and it is common for them to have access to the internet. Social media use among adolescents has surged over the past twenty years. At the same time, there has been a rise in mental health issues among this age group. This qualitative systematic review aims to explore how digital media use influences adolescent mental health in a digitalized era. A literature search was undertaken to locate articles published between January 2013 and November 2023 which examine the relationship between adolescents’ mental health and digitalization. A total of 384 full text articles were scanned for eligibility, of which 48 had a qualitative research design. 19 articles with a qualitative design were reviewed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study highlight the ways in which digital media use influences adolescent mental health. Four specific themes become visible through thematic analysis. Digital media use influences life circumstances by shaping daily activities and acting as a source of information and knowledge; it influences relationships with other individuals where mental health behaviors are simultaneously promoted and challenged in the digital interaction between adolescents; it influences individuals by supporting and challenging individuality and uniqueness while at the same time making individuals susceptible to anonymous and negative online scrutiny, harassment, and bullying; and finally, digital media use influences adolescents to construct strategies for good mental health in both online and offline settings. Adolescents use digital media to manage their mood, create identities, and raise awareness on social issues, which can empower them and improve mental health. Digital media also has a negative impact on adolescents; it disrupts sleep and family time and contributes to a fear of missing out, body image issues, social comparison and cyberbullying. This qualitative systematic review highlights a need for future research into adolescent online strategies, how adults mediate digital media use and the role of digital industries in shaping behaviors. Teachers, parents, and health professionals can play an important role in supporting adolescents’ use of digital media in ways that promote their mental health.