Actual Evapotranspiration Dataset of Mongolia Plateau from 2001 to 2020 Based on SFE-NP Model

Evapotranspiration (ET) refers to the total water vapor flux transported by vegetation and surface soil to the atmosphere. It is an important component of water and heat regulation, and has an impact on plant productivity and water resource management. As a water-shortage region, the Mongolian Plateau is characterized by drought and an uneven distribution of rainwater resources. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of ET on the Mongolian Plateau is important for water resource regulation for climate change adaption and regional sustainable development. This study calculated the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the actual ET in the Mongolian Plateau based on the SFE-NP model and generated a surface ET dataset with a spatial resolution of 1 km and monthly temporal resolution from 2001 to 2020. Theil-Sen median and Mann–Kendall trend models were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the actual ET over the Mongolian Plateau. This dataset has been validated for accuracy against the commonly used authoritative ET datasets ERA5_Land and MOD16A2, demonstrating high precision and accuracy. This dataset can provide data support for research and applications such as surface water resource allocation and drought detection in the Mongolian Plateau.