The Role of Ion Channels in the Development of the Nervous System

While ion channels are traditionally known for their role in regulating neuronal activity, numerous studies indicate their non-canonical functions in fundamental processes of nervous system development. Various channel types, such as calcium (VGCC, TRP), potassium (Kv, Kir), sodium (SCN3A), and chloride (CLC, NKCC1) channels, as well as the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1, mediate changes in membrane potential and intracellular ion concentrations, particularly calcium. These changes are essential for regulating neural progenitor proliferation, neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth. Investigating these complex mechanisms not only expands fundamental knowledge in neurobiology and the genetics of brain development but also opens new avenues for developing targeted therapeutic approaches for treating and correcting diseases associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders.