Length of postoperative stay prediction in elderly patients with hip fractures based on machine learning

The BP-NN model, enhanced by multimethod feature selection, rigorous parameter tuning, and SHAP based interpretability, provides early and accurate LOPS prediction for elderly hip fracture patients. It can be used as a tool to assist in clinical decision-making, resource planning, and discharge preparation, without increasing the clinical burden. Future external validation across multiple centers is needed to confirm generalizability.