Determinants of long-term SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in asymptomatic-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa
This multi-country study provides a comprehensive characterization of SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in African cohorts and identifies prior exposure and local epidemiological context as the main determinants of immune magnitude, durability, and protection, outweighing other host factors.
Authors
- Christian Obirikorang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-1358)
- Vânia Maphossa
- Eltahir Awad Gasim Khalil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5165-6902)
- Ritha Nyembu Kibambe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2875-8544)
- Garba M. Khalid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-7702)
- Marta Vidal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-7032)
- Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-1508)
- H Haywood Hasford
- Taty Msueun Sakobo
- Theresa Habermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-9445)
- Oumou Maïga Ascofaré
- Víctor López de Rioja (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-0616)
- Endalkachew Belayneh Melese (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-7964)
- Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye
- Soledad Colombe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-902X)
- Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-9673)
- Maike Lamshoeft
- Élysée Matungulu
- Frédéric Monnot
- Melvin Agbogbatey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-5701)
- Joseph Bonney (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-6243)
- Alexander Owusu Boakye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1559-7673)
- Séverine Monnerat
- Placide Mbala‐Kingebeni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-3570)
- Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-2004)
- Tadelo Wondmagegn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-9629)
- Mezgebu Silamsaw Asres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-751X)
- Ibrahim Duah Kwaku (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-6469)
- Nabila Ibnou Zekri Lassout
- Ahmed Musa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-6170)
- Pere Santamaria
- Hakim Alani
- Brima M. Younis
- Juergen May
- Ricardo Strauss
- Fitsumbrhan Tajebe
- H. A. Mohammed
- Naomie Bayoka
- Bobo Bazola
- Patrick Tshita
- Wendemagegn Embiale Yeshaneh
- Dereje Bedane Hunde
- Márcia Mutisse Massinga
- Matthieu Tshitamba
- Carlo Carolis
- Elisabeth Muyamuna Mulombo
- Sabue Mulangu
- Christian Kahusu Mwan-za-k’a
- John Amuasi
- Begna Tulu
- Aynishet Adane
- JP Lubanda
- Mohamed A. Saeed
- Cedric Kabongo
- Michel Diyi Lobo
- Junior Matangila
- Getnet Mesfin
- Hailemaryam Alemu
- Chirac Kazadi
- Gabriel Mbunsu-Kizito
- Jean-Francois Louvion
- Ebenezer Boham
- Yared Getachew
- Francis Lekue
- Alberto Nhalungo
- Ange Mubiala
- Odin Goovaerts
- Samuel M. Shamamba
Institutions
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (CH)
- University of Khartoum (SD)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Kinshasa General Hospital (CD)
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
- University of Kinshasa (CD)
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (ES)
- Hôpital Saint Joseph (FR)
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (GH)
- Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center (DE)
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (MZ)
- National Institute of Biomedical Research (CD)
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (ES)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES)
- Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
- Bahir Dar University (ET)
- Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde (BE)
- University of Gondar (ET)
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (DE)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2026-01-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04607-9
- Primary Topic
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00