PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN INTERNAL ORGANS DURING CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN INTERNAL ORGANS DURING CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION (LITERATURE REVIEW) Ganiev Sobirjon Nasimboevich, Boymanov Farkhod Kholboevich, Sohibov Umid Fazliddinovich Samarkand State Medical University. Uzbekistan, Samarkand city, Amir Temur street 18, Tel: +998 66 2330841 E-mail: [email protected]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18236535 ABSTRACT: Chronic alcohol intoxication remains one of the leading medical and social problems of our time, causing high morbidity, disability, and premature mortality. The purpose of this review was to systematize modern literature data on the pathomorphological and pathogenetic mechanisms of internal organ damage during prolonged exposure to ethanol. The review analyzed data reflecting the multi-organ nature of alcoholism involving the central nervous system, liver, cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary, pancreatic, and reproductive systems. It has been shown that the direct cytotoxic effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde, microcirculatory disorders, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and neuroendocrine disorders play a key role in the formation of alcohol-associated pathology. It has been established that in the early stages of alcoholic damage, structural and functional changes can be reversible, while continued alcoholism leads to the progression of dystrophic, inflammatory, and fibrous processes with the development of irreversible organ failure. Special attention has been paid to the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of alcohol, which pose a threat not only to the individual but also to the health of subsequent generations. A conclusion was made about the need for a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of chronic alcohol intoxication. Keywords: Chronic alcohol intoxication, alcohol disease, pathomorphology, multiple organ involvement, ethanol, acetaldehyde.