Driving Business Leadership Through Voluntary Workplace Green Behavior: Evidence from Green Human Resource Management, Green Satisfaction, and Green Supportive Climate

The increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability has become a critical issue within the context of business leadership, as organizational leaders are required to integrate environmental responsibility into strategic and operational decision-making. This study aims to investigate the organizational determinants that influence employees’ voluntary engagement in environmentally responsible behavior in the workplace. The research was conducted through a survey administered in 2023 in Indonesia, specifically in the travel and tourism industry of North Sumatra, involving 160 employees from various travel companies, an industry selected due to its high environmental impact and strategic role in sustainable development. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS software to examine the relationships among the studied constructs. The findings demonstrate that organizational sustainability-oriented practices, employees’ positive environmental-related attitudes, and a supportive organizational climate significantly enhance voluntary workplace green behavior. The results further indicate that internal organizational mechanisms play a crucial role in shaping employees’ discretionary pro-environmental actions beyond formal job requirements. Empirical evidence from the model confirms the robustness of these relationships, explaining a substantial proportion of variance in voluntary green behavior. These findings contribute to the literature by clarifying how organizational systems and employee perceptions interact to foster sustainable behavior. From a practical standpoint, this study offers important insights for business leadership in designing strategic initiatives that strengthen environmental sustainability by fostering supportive climates and encouraging voluntary employee participation in green practices, thereby opening pathways for more effective leadership-driven sustainability strategies in the future.