Diagnostic value of plasma heat shock protein 90α and inflammatory markers in prostate cancer

In summary, this study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of plasma Hsp90α as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for PCa, particularly in advanced or metastatic disease. Furthermore, we are the first to report the diagnostic and distant metastasis risk assessment potential of PNR in PCa. Notably, diagnostic models integrating Hsp90α and PNR with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) exhibited superior performance compared to PSA alone, suggesting their complementary role. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses, we have elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which Hsp90α drives PCa progression. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of PCa and establish a foundation for developing future diagnostic strategies and targeted therapies focusing on Hsp90α or its associated pathways.