State Aware Multiple Choice Routing for Load Balancing in Data

Distributed randomized in-network localised load-balancing (DRILL) is one of the most commonly used protocols and relies on the “power of two choices” algorithm. However, this is a sub-optimal load balancing solution due to under-sampling and high number of candidate ports. Along with per-packet granularity, this sub-optimality increases the occurrence of out-of-order packets. Therefore, in this paper, we proposes a novel power of two choices-based load balancing protocol to overcome these shortcomings. Designated as state aware multiple-choice routing (SAMCR) for load balancing in data centers, it builds a Kalman filtering algorithm; to approximate queue length states using the developed processes and measurement models. Furthermore, it uses the estimated queue length states in an adaptive threshold-based covariance matrix to track the most optimal decision in the system. Mathematical simulations as well as an NS-3 discrete event network simulator were used to evaluate the superior performance of SAMCR over other state-of the art approaches in terms of system load, flow completion time and throughput for most types of flows.

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Publication Details

Journal
Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
Published
2026-01-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.30537/sjcms.v9i02.1795
Primary Topic
Network Traffic and Congestion Control
Type
article
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article

State Aware Multiple Choice Routing for Load Balancing in Data

Faiza Riaz Khawaja, Sheeba Memon, Sajid Hussain
Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
Network Traffic and Congestion Control
article

State Aware Multiple Choice Routing for Load Balancing in Data

Faiza Riaz Khawaja, Sheeba Memon, Sajid Hussain
article en

Abstract

Distributed randomized in-network localised load-balancing (DRILL) is one of the most commonly used protocols and relies on the “power of two choices” algorithm. However, this is a sub-optimal load balancing solution due to under-sampling and high number of candidate ports. Along with per-packet granularity, this sub-optimality increases the occurrence of out-of-order packets. Therefore, in this paper, we proposes a novel power of two choices-based load balancing protocol to overcome these shortcomings. Designated as state aware multiple-choice routing (SAMCR) for load balancing in data centers, it builds a Kalman filtering algorithm; to approximate queue length states using the developed processes and measurement models. Furthermore, it uses the estimated queue length states in an adaptive threshold-based covariance matrix to track the most optimal decision in the system. Mathematical simulations as well as an NS-3 discrete event network simulator were used to evaluate the superior performance of SAMCR over other state-of the art approaches in terms of system load, flow completion time and throughput for most types of flows.

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical SciencesVol. 9(02)
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University (PK), Central South University (CN), University of Hyderabad (IN), University of East (PK)
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Network Traffic and Congestion Control
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State Aware Multiple Choice Routing for Load Balancing in Data — Faiza Riaz Khawaja, Sheeba Memon, et al. · Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Sciences (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS