A cross-sectional study of salivary and gut microbiomes in hemodialysis patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Our analyses suggest that HFpEF in MHD patients may be associated with structural alterations in the oral microbiome, which appear more pronounced than those in the gut. Specific oral microbial signatures, particularly the enrichment of Anaerocolumna, showed associations with the HFpEF cohort in our study. This preliminary evidence positions the oral microbiome as an area worthy of further investigation for its potential role in this high-risk population.