Targeted immunotherapies and nanomedicines for ovarian cancer: the way forward

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers, with high mortality due to late diagnosis. Immunotherapy and nanomedicine show potential in targeting cancer cells and inducing immunogenic cell death. However, challenges like poor biodegradability and untargeted immune activation persist. Emerging solutions, including enhanced nanoparticles and personalized medicine, aim to improve efficacy while minimizing side effects by tailoring treatments to individual profiles and disease stages.