Single-cell and machine learning integration reveals OS-driven CCND1 promotes an aggressive phenotype in papillary thyroid carcinoma

<i>CCND1</i> is identified as a key oncogene in PTC, whose high expression promotes tumor progression through OS-related pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK. Our <i>in vitro</i> findings specifically validate that OS directly drives <i>CCND1</i> overexpression and subsequent cell proliferation. Conversely, <i>SOX4</i> also acts as an oncogene, and <i>TFF3</i> as a potential tumor suppressor, both linked to OS. Targeting <i>CCND1</i> and its OS-mediated regulatory pathways offers a promising therapeutic strategy for PTC.<i>CCND1</i>, oxidative stress, papillary thyroid carcinoma, single-cell RNA sequencing, <i>SOX4</i>, <i>TFF3</i>.