Global burden and genetic insights of RA and JIA in ages 0–19 years: GBD 2021 and MR analysis

Our study highlights a rising global burden of GBD-defined RA among children and adolescents and delineates shared and distinct patterns of genetically predicted immune-cell, inflammatory protein, and metabolite traits associated with RA and JIA. These observations suggest that immunologically informed approaches could complement existing age- and phenotype-based classifications and help refine early recognition and risk stratification of inflammatory arthritis across the life course.