Facilitating multi-level learning and systemic change in agricultural value chains: Insights from a participatory intervention in the Finnish tomato system

This study explores strategies to facilitate multi-level learning and systemic change within agricultural value chains through a participatory intervention in the Finnish tomato sector. The research examines how learning moves, communication methods, and social spaces can be structured to support collective transformation among diverse stakeholders. Drawing on qualitative data from project documents and interviews, the analysis reconstructs the trajectory of the Innoväxthus project (2016–2019) and identifies four types of learning moves: informing stakeholders, exploring perspectives, collaboratively formulating problems, and co-designing solutions. These moves were supported by a combination of communication methods, including mass media, interpersonal communication, and entertainment-education, each fulfilling specific and complementary functions. The study also identifies different types of microcosms—temporary learning spaces that evolved from homogeneous to heterogeneous actor groups—facilitating collective reflection and innovation. The findings highlight that effective systemic change requires dynamic combinations of participatory approaches and communication tools tailored to context. Building coalitions for change proved central to achieving shared understanding and sustaining innovation processes. The study contributes to the understanding of how participatory interventions can foster transformative agency and learning across multiple levels in agricultural systems, offering practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in value chain transformation and sustainable development initiatives.