Determinants influencing climate change adaptation strategies employed by rice farmers in Bogura, Bangladesh

This study investigates the determinants influencing climate change adaptation strategies among rice farmers in the Bogura District of Bangladesh, a region highly vulnerable to climatic variability and agricultural stress. Given the sector’s dependence on rainfall and temperature, understanding the socio-economic and institutional drivers of adaptive behavior is vital for ensuring sustainable rice production and food security. A total of 227 rice farmers were surveyed using semi-structured questionnaires, supplemented by interviews and focus group discussions for contextual validation. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were applied to assess associations between farmers’ socio-economic characteristics and their chosen adaptation strategies. The results were interpreted using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Farmers adopted multiple strategies including cultivating improved rice varieties, seeking early warning information, utilizing groundwater irrigation, increasing fertilizer application, and purchasing crop insurance. Education level, farming experience, income, and access to institutional support significantly influenced the likelihood of adoption. Large farmers exhibited greater adaptive capacity due to higher financial resources and better access to agricultural extension services, while smallholders demonstrated limited flexibility and resource constraints. Agricultural extension, training, and social participation enhance the acceptance of adaptation strategies. Strengthening institutional linkages and improving resource accessibility are crucial to building the resilience of small farmers. These findings can guide policymakers in designing inclusive climate adaptation frameworks for the agricultural sector.