Molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry farms of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

The high incidence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and detection of antibiotic resistance genes in poultry litter and soil highlight a significant risk of transmission to farm workers, butchers, and consumers, as well as possible environmental contamination through manure application. These findings underscore the urgent need for strict antimicrobial stewardship, improved biosecurity, and policy measures to prevent the spread of resistant S. aureus from poultry farms to the wider community.