Validating the working alliance inventory in a mobile health smoking cessation program: A quasi-experimental study among Mexican adults who smoke

The 10-item Spanish WAI-S demonstrated strong psychometric validity for evaluating therapeutic alliance in an mHealth smoking cessation among Mexican adults. While not predictive of abstinence, higher alliance score correlated with greater satisfaction, underscoring the instrument's potential for monitoring engagement and informing the design of more effective digital cessation programs.