Exploring challenges and solutions for smart grid integration in Oman

A smart grid is an advanced energy distribution system that utilizes digital communication, analytics, and automation to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the electricity grid. Its implementation is vital for improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and managing increasing power demands. In Oman, over 90% of power generation relies on gas turbines and fossil fuels. The rapid development in the region has put pressure on the current grid, making the adoption of smart grid technology essential for sustainable progress. In this research, we conducted a qualitative and structural study using Delphi and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) methods instead of relying on statistical analysis. Our objective was to identify the barriers to implementing smart grids. We started with a literature review to pinpoint these obstacles. Based on our analysis, we provide recommendations to address the identified challenges. Finally, we analyzed the results from the Delphi rounds using ISM, a well-established approach for determining the relationships between specific elements that define a problem or issue.