Stress-responsive roles of the <i>C. neoformans</i> human-like eIF3 complex

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a complex of proteins that plays a pleiotropic role in translation regulation across eukaryotes, but the composition of eIF3 complexes varies with retention and loss of subunit genes across evolution. The model yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> encodes six eIF3 subunits whereas mammals encode thirteen subunits. The basidiomycete fungus and opportunistic fungal pathogen, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, encodes a mammalian complement of eIF3 subunits. In this report, we investigated the contribution of the non-essential eIF3 subunit genes to cryptococcal stress tolerance. We found that mutants in the four nonessential subunits, eIF3d, eIF3e, eIF3k and eIF3l all exhibit sensitivity to mitochondrial perturbation, and that mutants in eIF3d and eIF3e exhibit opposite susceptibilities to the antifungal drug fluconazole and the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride. Loss of eIF3d resulted in reduced eIF2α phosphorylation in response to stress, but the mutant was still able to repress translation to the same extent as the wild type and was defective in induction of integrated stress response regulon. Despite producing higher levels of urease and melanin, the eIF3d deletion mutant was avirulent in <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Together our data demonstrates the importance of <i>C. neoformans</i> eIF3 in stress adaptation and pathogenesis.