Comparative Evaluation of Sound Transmission and Functional Performance of a New Stethoscope Design versus Traditional Models

ABSTRACT This study aims to systematically compare the acoustic transmission performance and additional functionalities of a novel stethoscope design with those of traditional models, evaluating the potential of new technologies to revolutionize medical diagnostic tools. The research is motivated by longstanding technical limitations of conventional stethoscopes, including inadequate high-frequency resolution, performance degradation over time, and an urgent need for improved infection control. A controlled experimental design was employed in two phases. (1) Technical Feature Analysis: The novel stethoscope’s gradient-structured diaphragm—composed of four heterogeneous material layers—and its acoustic system configuration were deconstructed and quantitatively compared with traditional models in terms of material composition (silicone/polyester/polyurethane film) and structural design. (2) Performance Testing: Standardized frequency response tests (20 Hz–5 kHz), noise interference resistance assessments, and 1,000-cycle pressure durability tests were conducted in a semianechoic chamber to comprehensively evaluate acoustic clarity, mechanical stability, and hygiene performance. The novel design demonstrated the following significant advantages. (1) Acoustic Performance: Achieved a 10-dB improvement in clarity in the >2-kHz high-frequency range, with an extended frequency response from 50 to 5,000 Hz—an increase of 2,450 Hz over traditional models. (2) Hygiene: The gradient diaphragm design reduced colony-forming unit (CFU) adhesion by 90 %. (3) Durability: After 1,000 pressure cycles, sound pressure level attenuation remained under 10 %, significantly outperforming the traditional model, which showed a 30 % reduction after 500 cycles. Innovative material structures and modular design effectively address high-frequency signal loss and infection control challenges faced by traditional stethoscopes. This technological platform allows for customization based on diagnostic scenarios (e.g., ultra-low-frequency heart sounds vs. high-frequency pulmonary crackles), laying a robust empirical foundation for the development of next-generation smart stethoscopes.