Analysis of Spatio‐Temporal Variation, Driving Factors and Countermeasures of the Cultivated Land Fragmentation: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province, China

ABSTRACT The issue of Cultivated Land Fragmentation (CLF) has become increasingly critical, posing significant challenges to the modernization of agricultural development. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the spatio‐temporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of CLF is essential for enhancing farmland productivity and ensuring food security. This study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system using a three‐dimensional magic square model, based on an exploration of the spatial distribution characteristics of CLF in Shaanxi Province. The driving factors influencing the spatial pattern of CLF were analyzed using multiple linear regression models, geographic detectors, and Mantel tests. Geospatial analysis, mathematical modeling, and statistical analysis were employed to conduct a multidimensional evaluation of CLF, aiming to propose a targeted land remediation guidance program. The findings revealed: (1) The distribution of cultivated land in Shaanxi Province is characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity, (2) From 1990 to 2023, notable spatio‐temporal variations in CLF were observed at the township level, with an overall declining trend. High fragmentation areas (high‐high CLF) were concentrated in the northern and southern regions of Shaanxi, while low fragmentation areas (low‐low CLF) were predominantly located in the Guanzhong region, and (3) The dominant factors affecting the spatial differentiation of CLF in Shaanxi Province were grain production, gross domestic product (GDP), distance to water systems, and river network density. (4) Land consolidation zoning models were proposed at both township and county scales. This research provides valuable insights for improving the efficient utilization of arable land resources and ensuring regional food security.