Immigration Politics: Socio-economic Contributions and Securitisation of Immigration in Botswana

Botswana has relied on migrant skilled labour since gaining independence in 1966. Migrant skilled labour was recruited worldwide, contributing to Botswana’s socio-economic development trajectory. Consequently, Botswana was classified as a developmental state and an upper-middle-income economy by the 1990s. Using immigration politics to frame the debate, this research argues that migrant skilled labour was instrumental to Botswana’s political and socio-economic development, albeit creating systemic challenges. It contends that some of Botswana’s key economic sectors are controlled by some immigrants who exert undue influence on Botswana’s political leadership and economic policies, while also igniting xenophobic sentiments from indigenous communities. The research further maintains that Botswana has securitised immigration and indiscriminately declared immigrants who are not politically connected as prohibited. In conclusion, this research proposes immigration laws and policies that are inclusive and balance the interests of indigenous people, the state and immigrants.