Effect of magnesium oxide on mechanical behavior of jute fiber reinforced epoxy bio nanocomposite

This work investigates how magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles affect the mechanical performance of jute fiber-reinforced epoxy bio-nanocomposites. Three composite variations were generated using hand lay-up (HLU): one without MgO, one with 2% MgO, and another with 4%. The laminate surface was uniformly subjected to a controlled load of 30 kg using a flat steel plate and mechanical weights to ensure homogeneous bonding. All samples were cured accordingly. Tensile and flexural tests as well as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used together to evaluate structural and chemical properties. Tensile test results revealed that the MgO-free composite exhibited higher tensile strength and stiffness, whereas the 2% MgO composite showed higher strain at failure, indicating improved ductility and toughness. This highlights a clear trade-off between strength and ductility depending on MgO content. Though all samples showed similar flexural strength, which is 39 MPa, flexural analysis revealed that the MgO-free composite had the greatest flexural modulus, which is 320.542 MPa, while the 2% MgO composite showed the lowest, which is 264.123 MPa. FTIR verified interactions between MgO and the epoxy matrix on a chemical level. Peaks at 3286 cm⁻¹, 1712 cm⁻¹, and 1264 cm⁻¹ in the MgO-free composite matched hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ester groups. These slightly changed peaks in the 2% MgO composite point to improved bonding. Reduced dispersion efficiency and further peaks at 350 cm⁻¹ were shown by the 4% MgO sample. These results were validated by SEM pictures displaying homogeneous MgO distribution at 2% and notable aggregation at 4%. Using without MgO was the best choice because it increased tensile strength and chemical bonding while keeping the structure strong, making it a good option for eco-friendly industrial applications.