Classroom climate dimensions, self-efficacy, and music aesthetic literacy: a mediation study with Chinese non-music major college students

The results elucidate a "classroom climate - self-efficacy - aesthetic literacy" mechanism, demonstrating that a supportive classroom environment enhances students' music aesthetic literacy both directly and indirectly by fostering their confidence. This study provides empirical evidence for educators and policymakers to optimize classroom environments and integrate self-efficacy development as a core component in aesthetic education curricula for non-specialist students.