Evaluating long-term care insurance policies in China: an integrated analysis of policy instruments and PMC index model

China's LTCI policy framework demonstrates an acceptable overall performance level. However, it is characterized by a structural imbalance in the use of policy instruments, differing emphases between the central and local levels, and inadequate systematic design in certain policy components. Accordingly, recommendations for refining the policy system include optimizing the structure of policy instruments, enhancing the systemic integration of policies to improve institutional synergy, rationally planning policy timeframe, and expanding the coverage of policy targets.