Rethinking community‐weighted means: why geometric averages matter

Community‐weighted means (CWMs) are central metrics in trait‐based ecology, widely used to link species' traits to community assembly and ecosystem function. Traditionally, CWMs are calculated as community‐weighted arithmetic means (arithmetic CWMs), implicitly assuming normally distributed traits. However, most plant traits follow log‐normal distributions, making arithmetic CWMs potentially misleading and biased toward extreme values. Here, we argue for the adoption of community‐weighted geometric means (geometric CWMs) as a statistically robust alternative that better reflects the central tendency of log‐normal traits. We discuss the conceptual rationale, illustrate differences between arithmetic and geometric CWMs using examples, and outline practical recommendations for applying geometric averaging in trait analyses. By acknowledging trait distributions, geometric CWMs can refine ecological inference, improve cross‐study comparability, and advance our understanding of community structure and function.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Oikos
Published
2026-01-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/oik.12190
Primary Topic
Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Rethinking community‐weighted means: why geometric averages matter

Y. Charles Li, Congcong Liu, Nianpeng He, Xiaowen Yang
Oikos
Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
article

Rethinking community‐weighted means: why geometric averages matter

Y. Charles Li, Congcong Liu, Nianpeng He, Xiaowen Yang
article en

Abstract

Community‐weighted means (CWMs) are central metrics in trait‐based ecology, widely used to link species' traits to community assembly and ecosystem function. Traditionally, CWMs are calculated as community‐weighted arithmetic means (arithmetic CWMs), implicitly assuming normally distributed traits. However, most plant traits follow log‐normal distributions, making arithmetic CWMs potentially misleading and biased toward extreme values. Here, we argue for the adoption of community‐weighted geometric means (geometric CWMs) as a statistically robust alternative that better reflects the central tendency of log‐normal traits. We discuss the conceptual rationale, illustrate differences between arithmetic and geometric CWMs using examples, and outline practical recommendations for applying geometric averaging in trait analyses. By acknowledging trait distributions, geometric CWMs can refine ecological inference, improve cross‐study comparability, and advance our understanding of community structure and function.

Oikos
Minzu University of China (CN), Kunming Institute of Zoology (CN), State Ethnic Affairs Commission (CN), Beijing Forestry University (CN), Northeast Forestry University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Minzu University of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 93%
Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Rethinking community‐weighted means: why geometric averages matter — Y. Charles Li, Congcong Liu, et al. · Oikos (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS