Self-Prescription of Beta-Blockers Among All Healthcare Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence and implications of inappropriate self-prescription of beta-blockers among healthcare students in Jeddah, primarily driven by anxiety related to academic performance. Method: An analytical, observational, cross-sectional design was employed, and a self-administered electronic questionnaire was distributed via social media channels after obtaining ethical approval. A total of 1,043 healthcare students were included from June to December 2023. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that focused on demographics, academic performance (grade point average), beta-blocker usage, and awareness of potential side effects. Results: Among the 175 students who were taking beta blockers, 54.3% self-prescribed beta-blockers, predominantly propranolol, with 72.6% citing anxiety relief as their primary reason for use. Misuse was more prevalent among clinical-year students, particularly interns (35.2%). Moreover, more than half of the students who were taking beta blockers were aware of potential side-effects (73.7%), and 56.0% reported experiencing side-effects such as hypotension and dizziness. The findings highlighted a gender disparity, with female students being more likely to self-medicate than male students. Conclusion: This study reveals that many healthcare students inappropriately self-prescribe beta-blockers, primarily due to academic anxiety. Despite awareness of potential side effects, this practice persists. The findings highlight the need for increased awareness and education regarding the appropriate use of beta-blockers and the importance of addressing the underlying causes of anxiety among students. Future research should explore effective interventions, such as a coping with anxiety campaign, to promote healthy coping mechanisms and reduce their reliance on potentially harmful self-medication practices.