On the free-living bryozo-an fauna from the Miocene Gram Formation (Denmark), with description of two new species, a new genus and a new suborder of Cheilostomata.

The free-living part of the restricted bryozoan fauna in the Late Miocene (Tortonian) Gram Formation, Denmark is described. Four species are recorded: Cupuladria aff. biporosa, Lunulites voigti, Reussirella germinatio n. sp. and Gramipora laxevincta n. gen., n. sp. The new suborder Cupuladriina nov. is introduced. The concepts of ‘free-living’ vs. ‘free-lying’ colonies are discussed briefly, with three categories of ‘free-living’ colonies considered, all exemplified by the four free-living taxa in the Gram fauna.