Exclusionary Reasons and the Balancing View of Ought

According to the Balancing View of Ought, we ought to perform an action if and only if performing the action is most strongly supported by the balance of our reasons. The Balancing View faces the objection from exclusionary reasons, which are second-order reasons not to act for certain other reasons. According to Joseph Raz, the existence of exclusionary reasons undermines the Balancing View: a reason might tip the balance in favour of performing an act but at the same time be excluded by an undefeated second-order reason, in which case one ought not conform to the balance of reasons. This article argues that the Balancing View can be defended against this objection and that the existence of exclusionary reasons is compatible with the Balancing View.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-01-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18219482
Primary Topic
Free Will and Agency
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Exclusionary Reasons and the Balancing View of Ought

Benjamin Kiesewetter
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Free Will and Agency
article

Exclusionary Reasons and the Balancing View of Ought

Benjamin Kiesewetter
article en

Abstract

According to the Balancing View of Ought, we ought to perform an action if and only if performing the action is most strongly supported by the balance of our reasons. The Balancing View faces the objection from exclusionary reasons, which are second-order reasons not to act for certain other reasons. According to Joseph Raz, the existence of exclusionary reasons undermines the Balancing View: a reason might tip the balance in favour of performing an act but at the same time be excluded by an undefeated second-order reason, in which case one ought not conform to the balance of reasons. This article argues that the Balancing View can be defended against this objection and that the existence of exclusionary reasons is compatible with the Balancing View.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Bielefeld University (DE)
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 90%
Free Will and Agency
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