The Application of Ethical Theories to Voluntary Euthanasia: A Pragmatic Approach in Philosophy

The ethical and legal dimensions of voluntary euthanasia continue to be a subject of intense debate, with perspectives shaped by various philosophical theories. This study applies a pragmatic approach to analyze how ethical theories, including deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and ethical pluralism, influence decision-making in voluntary euthanasia. The research explores the balance between individual autonomy and societal responsibilities, addressing the tensions arising from moral and legal frameworks. By employing an explorative qualitative methodology, the study critically evaluates the practical implications of these ethical theories in real-world scenarios. Pragmatic ethics emerges as a reconciliatory framework, enabling a context-driven, flexible approach to voluntary euthanasia while ensuring ethical accountability. The findings suggest that ethical pluralism offers a comprehensive solution to the diverse perspectives on voluntary euthanasia, advocating for a policy framework that respects both personal dignity and collective moral values.