Factors influencing color match of monochromatic resin composites: a narrative review

Monochromatic resin composite, a novel dental restorative material, is now increasingly utilized in dental restorations, especially for anterior teeth. Its benefits include appealing aesthetics and ease of handling. Achieving a natural tooth color match with monochromatic resin composites can be challenging, but recent advancements in color selection programs have significantly improved the accuracy and consistency of color matching in dental restorations. The paper aims to systematically analyze the key factors affecting the color matching of monochrome resin composite, including the optical properties of the material itself, clinical operation skills, external environmental factors and individual differences. Research indicates that the transparency of monochrome resin composites, light scattering characteristics, particle size distribution, and other factors all influence color matching accuracy. High-transparency resins are prone to color variations in low-light environments, while the wavelength, intensity, and curing duration of light sources during material hardening significantly affect color stability and final appearance. Additionally, clinical factors such as resin thickness and lamination techniques impact the final color presentation. External environmental factors-including oral lighting conditions and background color variations-also affect the color harmony between restorations and adjacent natural teeth. Unlike traditional layered resin composite, monochromatic resin composite exhibits color changes under illumination due to the "chameleon effect" and "mixing effect". This simplifies the procedure and reduces the time required. They are particularly well-suited for correcting minor imperfections and restoring front teeth. However, monochromatic resin composites are not suitable for restorations requiring significant color variation. Therefore, alternative restorative techniques are utilized to improve color precision. The paper summarizes the factors affecting color matching of monochrome resin composite, which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent clinical practice and research. Meanwhile, with the development of material science and technology, the performance of monochrome resin composite in aesthetic restoration has been improved, so as to better meet the requirements of patients.