Human gut microbiome biobank: principles of organization and prospects for research and therapeutic applications

The investigation of the gut microbiome (GM)—its composition, metabolites, and effects on human physiology—along with the development of targeted therapeutic and preventive interventions, has become a major focus of contemporary biomedical research. Central to this field are GM biobanks, which implement standardized methods for the preservation and long-term storage of microbiome samples. Objective. To analyze current literature on the establishment of human GM biobanks for research and therapeutic purposes and to formulate methodological recommendations for GM biobanking. Key points. Research on the GM is closely linked to biobanking activities worldwide. Systematic collection and storage of biological material ensure high-quality, sufficient samples and support the creation of extensive clinical data repositories. These resources enable comprehensive assessment of the functional and pathogenetic roles of the GM in health and disease. Personalized use of probiotics and autoprobiotics, the development of artificial microbiota, and targeted microbiome modulation—all essential for regulating physiological functions—are possible only through well-structured biobanks. Therapeutic GM biobanks are designed to process, store, and provide access to biological materials used for microbiome modulation. Their infrastructure must comply with general biobanking standards and specific biosafety requirements for working with microorganisms. Protocols for sample preparation, storage, and use differ between research and therapeutic settings. Conclusion. GM biobanking is a critical tool for both research and clinical practice. Standardized biobanking practices provide a solid foundation for advancing GM research, developing innovative therapies, and accelerating translation into personalized medicine.