Dual safety paradigm in food manufacturing: emerging technologies and policies for ensuring both product and worker safety

The food manufacturing industry is confronted with the dual challenge of ensuring the safety of both the product and the laborer in the context of rapid automation and process digitalization. Although hygienic design and smart monitoring systems have improved the control of microbial and chemical hazards, they have also introduced new occupational risks, such as entrapment and exposure during cleaning and maintenance. This paper proposes a dual safety paradigm that integrates hygienic and industrial safety perspectives within the same design and management framework. Through an analysis of domestic and global trends, the study emphasizes the necessity of integrated safety- by-design principles, AI-driven hazard prediction, and standardized safety data systems that link product and process safety metrics. By promoting the convergence of food safety and occupational safety management, this approach aims to establish a sustainable foundations for safer manufacturing environments and more resilient food production systems standardized safety data systems that link product and process safety metrics. By promoting the convergence of food safety and occupational safety management, this approach aims to establish a sustainable foundations for safer manufacturing environments and more resilient food production systems.