Improvement of rice cultivation methods to increase seed germination under water scarcity

The article presents the results of research on methods of sowing crops, with an emphasis on uncut rice, and their effect on increasing germination. Special attention is paid to the importance of monitoring the seed material and observing the water balance during the growing process. Research shows that proper water management and seed quality control contribute to increasing crop yields and plant resistance to adverse conditions. The article presents the results of field experiments carried out by the authors during 2021-2024 on the territory of the educational farm of the Kuban State Agrarian University, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed methods, as well as recommendations for agricultural producers on optimizing the processes of sowing and caring for crops. The problem of insufficient efficiency in the use of irrigated lands was discovered, due to which the soil in the crop rotation in most cases is occupied by crops less than half of the total time of use. The purpose of this study is to increase the germination of rice seeds by maintaining the correct water balance at the time of their germination and optimizing crop rotation by planting crops in an untreated precursor. In the course of the work, it was possible to determine the main cause of the rapid death of the seed material, as a result of which more than 90% of the seeds died under a layer of water on the fifth day, correcting it made it possible to reduce losses to 17%. Changes were made to the crop rotation in the form of planting crops in an untidy predecessor and changes in the combinatorics of planting, which gave an increase in the yield of green mass up to 20%. The results of the work can be useful both for scientific research and for practical application.