Kinematic and kinetic characteristics exhibit differences in two typical progressive movements of Baduangong and Tai Chi: a comparison based on personalized musculoskeletal simulation analysis

The two progressive movements share the Qigong characteristic of "slowness and continuity", but they exhibit different biomechanical features due to different movement design concepts. BDG (8th) is characterized by "fast rhythm, long stride length, and flexible transformation", and exhibits high hip abduction moments. TC(WOA) is characterized by "slow rhythm, short stride length, and phased regulation" and shows kinematic features associated with multi-directional joint movement control. These findings lay a preliminary biomechanical foundation for exploring the potential differentiated applications of the two Qigong movements.