The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains from large-scale healthy chicken flocks in the Észak-Alföld region of Hungary

These findings highlight the substantial prevalence of AMR among bacteria in intensive poultry systems in Hungary. The results emphasize the need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship, prudent antibiotic use in livestock, and targeted biosecurity interventions to mitigate the potential spillover of resistance into the broader ecosystem and human health. While the species investigated are known to include pathogenic strains, the isolates analyzed in this study were obtained from healthy birds and are thus regarded as isolates recovered from clinically healthy birds' representatives.