Dialogue between nutrition and reproduction: preliminary exploration of sperm quality response to high-fat diet in mice

HFD induces a pathogenic cascade-oxidative stress, disrupted autophagy/mitophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis-that collectively impair spermatogenesis and male fertility. Therapeutic strategies targeting antioxidant defenses, autophagic flux, and mitophagy may ameliorate obesity-related reproductive dysfunction.