Pain Catastrophizing After Early-Stage Lung Cancer Surgery: The Mediating Effects of Interoceptive Awareness, Negative Attentional Bias, and Social Support

Post-operative PC levels in early-stage lung cancer patients are moderate to high. Pain intensity is directly and indirectly related to PC. Healthcare professionals are advised to develop a multidimensional, phased, and integrated intervention framework including pain management, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness training. This approach can effectively reduce PC and support precise prevention and intervention.