Voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity changes are associated with cognitive function in herpes simplex virus encephalitis

HSE is associated with distinct microstructural and functional connectivity changes that are correlated with cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest a potential interaction between IL-6 levels, cerebral alterations, and cognitive dysfunction, which may inform the exploration of neuroimaging and inflammatory biomarkers in personalized therapeutic strategies. However, these represent observational associations, and further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and establish causal relationships.