Identifying and Conceptualizing Quality Indicators Influencing Prehospital Disaster Exercises Across Structure, Conduct, and Outcome: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

The findings of this research present a knowledge framework that can help exercise planners in prehospital settings in designing scientifically sound and standardized exercises aimed at enhancing disaster response processes. Furthermore, the implementation and evaluation of both discussion-based and operation-based disaster exercises informed by these identified quality indicators can foster the development of knowledge and promote behavioral change among prehospital staff, and facilitate a standardized response to emergencies and disasters.