Neurogenesis in neurodegeneration: multifactorial regulation, mechanisms of impairment, and therapeutic strategies

Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant problem in modern healthcare, requiring an in-depth study of the mechanisms of neurogenesis and its role in pathogenesis. Despite conflicting evidence on neurogenesis in adult humans, animal model studies and cellular technologies demonstrate prospects for its therapeutic stimulation. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, including the use of neurotrophic factors, electrical stimulation, and cognitive training, as well as cellular and gene therapy, are the basis of new intervention strategies. However, the issues of controlling the differentiation and integration of new neurons, as well as the ethical aspects associated with the use of stem cells, remain unresolved. Further interdisciplinary research aimed at studying the regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis and its therapeutic potential may lead to the development of effective treatment strategies that can slow or even reverse the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights the need to integrate advanced technologies and approaches in modern neuroscience and clinical practice.