External Prospects in General Hospital Lobby Using VGA

Interest in the therapeutic effects of biophilic design has been increasing, and previous studies on its application in healthcare setting have attracted growing attention. Due to the stringent requirement for contamination control and hygiene, biophilic design strategies in healthcare settings necessiate different application. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of external views incorporating natural elements from hospital lobbies using visual isovist analysis. Site visits and floor‑plan analyses were conducted at seven tertiary general hospitals in Korea. The literature on biophilic design, general hospitals, and natural views was reviewed; site environment and lobby connectivity were analyzed. Openings supporting visual connection (windows, glazed façades) were identified, and DeathMapX was used for viewshed visualization of waiting and rest areas to assess visual connectivity with the outside. Results show a substantial lack of surrounding greenery; planting trees only partially compensates. Hospital planning should prioritize site selection and surrounding natural context; where urban greenery is limited, rooftop gardens, balconies, or rest areas with natural views should be provided. Existing cases prioritize waiting areas, with few rest spaces often using linear seating; social‑friendly, diverse seating and small‑group layouts are recommended to support different behaviors and improve satisfaction. Partitioned or furniture‑defined small units can reduce transmission risk while encouraging varied use. Atriums, common in hospital lobbies, may limit distant views but can introduce openness and accommodate localized greenery or art walls as substitutes. Temporary booths and equipment in lobbies block sight lines and harm the spatial atmosphere; unified, holistic planning is needed to preserve the lobby’s first impression and therapeutic quality.