Contrast between Indian Sub-Continent and Western Male Homosociality in context to Mario Puzo's The Godfather

Abstract— The research carefully examines whether the text provides enough evidence to support its main hypothesis. It focuses on male homosociality and masculinity as a response to the crisis in masculinity caused by rising feminist movements, changing gender roles, and the capitalist nature of Western society. The novel portrays dominant male characters and the crime world, making it seem like a typical masculine text. On one side, there are strong, macho men, while on the other, female characters are submissive and insignificant. The plot mainly highlights masculine virtues and vices, while women are confined to minor domestic roles. Each male character exhibits a desire for homosocial bonding, which helps them reaffirm their masculinity, which the study suggests is in crisis. The traditional idea of masculinity and the patriarchy that supported it lost its power as the century turned, influenced by rapid technological changes and evolving ideologies. As women questioned femininity, they crossed gender boundaries and explored new territories, often leaving men feeling confused. In "The Godfather," the depiction of male camaraderie and the story of a charismatic patriarch address this male anxiety of feeling threatened.