Librarians’ readiness for the adoption of emerging technologies and sustainable funding of university libraries in two states in South-South, Nigeria

This study examined librarians’ readiness for adopting emerging technologies and the implications for sustainable funding in university libraries in two states (Edo and Rivers States) in South-South, Nigeria. University libraries increasingly face persistent funding constraints, declining institutional allocations, and rising operational costs, alongside rapid global digital transformation. In this context, emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Crowdfunding, and Cloud-based platforms present opportunities to enhance efficiency, transparency, accountability, and alternative funding streams. However, effective utilization of these technologies largely depends on librarians’ digital readiness, skills, and institutional support. The study assessed the current level of technological integration in university libraries, evaluated librarians’ readiness and digital literacy, and examined the potential of selected emerging technologies for promoting sustainable funding. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, guided by the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Data were collected from 132 professional and paraprofessional librarians using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, including a two-tailed t-test, were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that while librarians exhibited a relatively high level of awareness of emerging technologies, actual adoption remained moderate. Key challenges included inadequate ICT infrastructure, insufficient funding, limited institutional support, and gaps in digital literacy. A significant positive relationship was established between librarians’ digital readiness and effective technology adoption for sustainable funding. AI and Blockchain demonstrated strong potential for improving transparency and efficiency in financial management, while Crowdfunding emerged as a viable alternative funding mechanism. Variations between Edo and Rivers States highlighted the role of institutional capacity in technology adoption. The study concludes that librarians’ readiness, reinforced by institutional commitment, is critical to achieving sustainable, technology-driven funding in university libraries.