Dependence on imports for farms: a case study of North and East African countries

The article presents research findings on import dependence of farms in North and East African countries. The study employs economic analysis methods, including calculations of key indicators reflecting the degree of agricultural dependence on imports: consumption and production structure, import-to-GDP ratio, trade balance, and analysis of critical import goods. The paper presents data for the years 2018 and 2023, enabling an assessment of the dynamics and changes over this period. The results reveal a significant level of import dependence in the agricultural sectors of North and East African countries, particularly for fuel, fertilizers, equipment, transportation, and advanced technologies. Factors contributing to the high level of import dependence include limited water resources, climatic conditions, lack of fertile land, and economic and infrastructure barriers that reduce investment efficiency. This situation carries economic risks associated with global price fluctuations for these goods, currency volatility, and threats to food security. Based on the findings, the study concludes that measures are necessary to reduce import dependence, such as encouraging local production, improving infrastructure, developing agro-industrial clusters and regional cooperatives, expanding irrigation systems, implementing national food programs, and promoting drought-resistant and heat-tolerant crops. These measures can reduce import dependence, mitigate economic and food security risks, and support the continued development of farming in this region of Africa.